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Patrick S. Moore

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Patrick Moore
Moore in 2017
Born (1956-10-21) October 21, 1956 (age 68)
Seattle, Washington, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
EducationWestminster College
Stanford University
University of Utah
University of California, Berkeley
Known forDiscovery of the human cancer viruses KSHV and MCV
SpouseYuan Chang
AwardsMeyenburg Prize (1997)
Robert Koch Prize (1998)
Charles S. Mott Prize (2003)
Passano Award (2017)
Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize (2017)
Clarivate Citation Laureates (2017)
Scientific career
FieldsCancer, Microbiology, Epidemiology
InstitutionsUPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh

Patrick S. Moore (born October 21, 1956) is an American virologist and epidemiologist who co-discovered together with his wife, Yuan Chang, two different human viruses causing the AIDS-related cancer Kaposi's sarcoma and the skin cancer Merkel cell carcinoma. Moore and Chang have discovered two of the seven known human viruses causing cancer. The couple met while in medical school together and were married in 1989 while they pursued fellowships at different universities.

Education and career

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Moore received a Bachelor of Science in chemistry and biology from Westminster College in Salt Lake City, an M.S. degree from Stanford University, and M.D. and MPhil degrees from the University of Utah, and an M.P.H. degree from the University of California, Berkeley. As an epidemiologist working at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), he developed widely used international guidelines to control meningococcal meningitis epidemics[1][2] and led a team of CDC epidemiologists during the 1992 Somali Civil War. Civilian death rates documented during this civil war-famine were among the highest ever reported.[3][4] The extreme mortality statistics helped to solidify international support behind the US-led military intervention Operation Restore Hope.[5] He received the 1989 CDC Langmuir Prize for his work on epidemic meningitis control.

After leaving the CDC, Moore served briefly as a New York City epidemiologist but quit to search for new human viruses with his wife, Yuan Chang who was then a newly appointed assistant professor at Columbia University.[6] Unemployed, he worked in his wife's laboratory, allowing him to rapidly pick up training in molecular biology. Despite having no research funding, Moore and Chang used a new molecular biology technique, representational difference analysis, to search for a virus causing Kaposi's sarcoma, the most common malignancy among AIDS patients.[7] In 1994, they discovered a new human herpesvirus, KSHV, in a KS tumor and along with several collaborators showed that it was the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease.[8][9][10] Moore was hired onto the faculty at Columbia and the Chang-Moore Laboratory secured research funding to investigate this new virus. They subsequently sequenced KSHV,[11] identified oncogenes encoded by the virus,[12] demonstrated transmission during transplantation and developed diagnostic tests to detect infection.[13][14] In 2002, he moved his laboratory to the University of Pittsburgh where he served as founding director of the Cancer Virology Program at the UPMC Hillman Cancer Centerr until 2018. Chang and Moore jointly developed a new technique to find human tumor viruses called digital transcriptome subtraction (DTS).[15] Using this approach, they identified the most recently discovered cancer virus, a new human polyomavirus infecting Merkel carcinoma cells in 2008.[16] This virus causes of 50-80% of Merkel cell carcinomas[17] and hence is named Merkel cell polyomavirus. His laboratory currently seeks to understand the role of tumor virus immunoevasion of the innate immune system as a cause for viral tumorigenesis.[18][19][20][21] They have also discovered another polyomavirus (Human polyomavirus 7) as a cause of skin disease in transplant patients,[22] the generation of viral circular RNAs in KSHV, EBV and MCV,[23] the role of CDK1 in controlling protein translation during mitosis[24] and they defined the clonal mutation pattern of Merkel cell polyomavirus in cancers[25] as well as its oncogenes.[26]

Awards

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References

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  1. ^ Moore, Patrick S. (1992). "Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the epidemic process". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (2): 515–525. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.2.515. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 1554841.
  2. ^ Moore, P. S.; Broome, C. V. (1994). "Cerebrospinal meningitis epidemics". Scientific American. 271 (5): 38–45. Bibcode:1994SciAm.271e..38M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1194-38. ISSN 0036-8733. PMID 7997865.
  3. ^ Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (December 11, 1992). "Population-based mortality assessment--Baidoa and Afgoi, Somalia, 1992". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 41 (49): 913–917. ISSN 0149-2195. PMID 1448038.
  4. ^ Moore, P. S.; Marfin, A. A.; Quenemoen, L. E.; Gessner, B. D.; Ayub, Y. S.; Miller, D. S.; Sullivan, K. M.; Toole, M. J. (April 10, 1993). "Mortality rates in displaced and resident populations of central Somalia during 1992 famine". Lancet. 341 (8850): 935–938. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91223-9. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 8096276. S2CID 38013442.
  5. ^ "1992: American marines land in Somalia". On This Day. BBC. December 9, 1992. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  6. ^ Schmidt C (April 2008). "Yuan Chang and Patrick Moore: teaming up to hunt down cancer-causing viruses". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 100 (8): 524–5, 529. doi:10.1093/jnci/djn122. PMID 18398088.
  7. ^ Chang, Y.; Cesarman, E.; Pessin, M. S.; Lee, F.; Culpepper, J.; Knowles, D. M.; Moore, P. S. (December 16, 1994). "Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma". Science. 266 (5192): 1865–1869. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1865C. doi:10.1126/science.7997879. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 7997879. S2CID 29977325.
  8. ^ Cesarman, E.; Chang, Y.; Moore, P. S.; Said, J. W.; Knowles, D. M. (May 4, 1995). "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas". The New England Journal of Medicine. 332 (18): 1186–1191. doi:10.1056/NEJM199505043321802. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 7700311.
  9. ^ Parravicini, C.; Corbellino, M.; Paulli, M.; Magrini, U.; Lazzarino, M.; Moore, P. S.; Chang, Y. (1997). "Expression of a virus-derived cytokine, KSHV vIL-6, in HIV-seronegative Castleman's disease". The American Journal of Pathology. 151 (6): 1517–1522. ISSN 0002-9440. PMC 1858372. PMID 9403701.
  10. ^ Adler, T. (December 17, 1994). "Scientists Link New Herpesvirus to Cancer". Science News. 146 (25): 405. doi:10.2307/3978785. JSTOR 3978785.
  11. ^ Russo, J. J.; Bohenzky, R. A.; Chien, M. C.; Chen, J.; Yan, M.; Maddalena, D.; Parry, J. P.; Peruzzi, D.; Edelman, I. S.; Chang, Y.; Moore, P. S. (December 10, 1996). "Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (25): 14862–14867. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9314862R. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14862. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 26227. PMID 8962146.
  12. ^ Moore, P. S.; Boshoff, C.; Weiss, R. A.; Chang, Y. (December 6, 1996). "Molecular mimicry of human cytokine and cytokine response pathway genes by KSHV". Science. 274 (5293): 1739–1744. Bibcode:1996Sci...274.1739M. doi:10.1126/science.274.5293.1739. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8939871. S2CID 29713179.
  13. ^ Moore, P. S.; Gao, S. J.; Dominguez, G.; Cesarman, E.; Lungu, O.; Knowles, D. M.; Garber, R.; Pellett, P. E.; McGeoch, D. J.; Chang, Y. (January 1996). "Primary characterization of a herpesvirus agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma". Journal of Virology. 70 (1): 549–558. doi:10.1128/JVI.70.1.549-558.1996. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 189843. PMID 8523568.
  14. ^ Gao, S. J.; Kingsley, L.; Hoover, D. R.; Spira, T. J.; Rinaldo, C. R.; Saah, A.; Phair, J.; Detels, R.; Parry, P.; Chang, Y.; Moore, P. S. (July 25, 1996). "Seroconversion to antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related latent nuclear antigens before the development of Kaposi's sarcoma". The New England Journal of Medicine. 335 (4): 233–241. doi:10.1056/NEJM199607253350403. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 8657239.
  15. ^ Feng H, Taylor JL, Benos PV, et al. (October 2007). "Human transcriptome subtraction by using short sequence tags to search for tumor viruses in conjunctival carcinoma". Journal of Virology. 81 (20): 11332–40. doi:10.1128/JVI.00875-07. PMC 2045575. PMID 17686852.
  16. ^ Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, Moore PS (February 2008). "Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma". Science. 319 (5866): 1096–100. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1096F. doi:10.1126/science.1152586. PMC 2740911. PMID 18202256.
  17. ^ Becker, Jürgen C.; Stang, Andreas; DeCaprio, James A.; Cerroni, Lorenzo; Lebbé, Celeste; Veness, Michael; Nghiem, Paul (October 26, 2017). "Merkel cell carcinoma". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 3: 17077. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.77. ISSN 2056-676X. PMC 6054450. PMID 29072302.
  18. ^ Moore, P. S.; Chang, Y. (1998). "Antiviral activity of tumor-suppressor pathways: clues from molecular piracy by KSHV". Trends in Genetics. 14 (4): 144–150. doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(98)01408-5. ISSN 0168-9525. PMID 9594662.
  19. ^ Chatterjee, Malini; Osborne, Julie; Bestetti, Giovanna; Chang, Yuan; Moore, Patrick S. (November 15, 2002). "Viral IL-6-induced cell proliferation and immune evasion of interferon activity". Science. 298 (5597): 1432–1435. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.1432C. doi:10.1126/science.1074883. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 12434062. S2CID 23133493.
  20. ^ Moore, Patrick S.; Chang, Yuan (2003). "Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immunoevasion and tumorigenesis: two sides of the same coin?". Annual Review of Microbiology. 57: 609–639. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090824. ISSN 0066-4227. PMC 3732455. PMID 14527293.
  21. ^ Moore, Patrick S.; Chang, Yuan (2010). "Why do viruses cause cancer? Highlights of the first century of human tumour virology". Nature Reviews. Cancer. 10 (12): 878–889. doi:10.1038/nrc2961. ISSN 1474-1768. PMC 3718018. PMID 21102637.
  22. ^ Ho, J.; Jedrych, J. J.; Feng, H.; Natalie, A. A.; Grandinetti, L.; Mirvish, E.; Crespo, M. M.; Yadav, D.; Fasanella, K. E.; Proksell, S.; Kuan, S.-F.; Pastrana, D. V.; Buck, C. B.; Shuda, Y.; Moore, P. S. (September 17, 2014). "Human Polyomavirus 7-Associated Pruritic Rash and Viremia in Transplant Recipients". Journal of Infectious Diseases. 211 (10): 1560–1565. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu524. ISSN 0022-1899. PMC 4425822. PMID 25231015.
  23. ^ Toptan, Tuna; Abere, Bizunesh; Nalesnik, Michael A.; Swerdlow, Steven H.; Ranganathan, Sarangarajan; Lee, Nara; Shair, Kathy H.; Moore, Patrick S.; Chang, Yuan (August 27, 2018). "Circular DNA tumor viruses make circular RNAs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (37): E8737–E8745. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115E8737T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1811728115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6140489. PMID 30150410.
  24. ^ Shuda, Masahiro; Velásquez, Celestino; Cheng, Erdong; Cordek, Daniel G.; Kwun, Hyun Jin; Chang, Yuan; Moore, Patrick S. (April 16, 2015). "CDK1 substitutes for mTOR kinase to activate mitotic cap-dependent protein translation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (19): 5875–5882. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.5875S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1505787112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4434708. PMID 25883264.
  25. ^ Shuda, Masahiro; Feng, Huichen; Kwun, Hyun Jin; Rosen, Steven T.; Gjoerup, Ole; Moore, Patrick S.; Chang, Yuan (October 21, 2008). "T antigen mutations are a human tumor-specific signature for Merkel cell polyomavirus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (42): 16272–16277. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10516272S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806526105. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2551627. PMID 18812503.
  26. ^ "Merkel Cell Polyomavirus", Definitions, Qeios, February 7, 2020, doi:10.32388/iwhh3w
  27. ^ Spice, Byron (June 10, 2003). "Pitt couple wins top prize for cancer research". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved July 21, 2009.

Further reading

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